Search

Despite facing unprecedented sanctions on its energy exports, Russia continues to earn hundreds of billions of dollars a year from oil and gas – directly funding military aggression in Ukraine. While sanctions have had a noticeable impact, they have failed to end the war.

The development of new technology is at the heart of economic growth. But the ways in which new products and processes spread around the world are vulnerable to changes in trade policy, with growing protectionism likely to constrain progress.

Research using historical data from Northern Ireland indicates that house prices are higher in more diverse neighbourhoods. Housing policy should focus on regenerating neighbourhoods, improving public services and fostering social integration.

Tomorrow’s spending review will set out government spending plans for the NHS, housing, national defence, the police, and other public services. What should we expect?  

Amid rapid technological change and heightened competition, Europe must re-ignite economic growth. Evidence from Andalusia – Spain’s poorest region – highlights the need to make full use of a region’s productive capabilities to forge new competitive advantages and raise living standards.

Headlines about China are dominated by the vagaries of trade war with the United States. Beyond those battles, there are big issues around consumer spending, the real estate market, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the role of technology in the country’s growth prospects and national security.

China’s economy has suffered from slow consumer spending and a slump in the real estate market. The unpredictable trade war with the United States risks further economic problems, but the current pause in tariff increases plus persistent stimulus from Beijing are keeping the worst outcomes at bay.

People who are refugees typically have worse employment prospects than the rest of the population, including other migrant groups. Targeted policies can help: speeding up application decisions, supporting access to work, improving job matching and providing language and mental health support.

The United States has announced deep cuts to its foreign aid programmes, including pausing activity at the country’s main federal aid agency. This is likely to increase the spread of infectious diseases in lower-income countries, as well as magnifying global economic and geopolitical instability.

The trade war between China and the United States will have knock-on effects on Africa, primarily from reduced demand for exports of raw materials. To protect their economies and to seize new economic opportunities, governments across the continent should promote deeper intra-regional integration.

Countries that have access to vast amounts of renewable energy – such as Mexico – may be able attract companies to relocate by offering cheaper and cleaner production. But for such ‘powershoring’ to succeed, there needs to be competitive renewable energy capacity and strong trade links.

Unexpected economic growth in February is positive news for UK policy-makers. But the latest GDP data release pre-dates the imposition of tariffs on goods exports to the United States. How these protectionist measures will affect the UK economy remains to be seen.

The fashion industry has changed dramatically over the past century, transformed from a collection of small Parisian boutiques into a multi-billion dollar international network of e-commerce giants. But today’s widespread availability of cheap garments comes with heavy human and environmental costs.

The development of new technology is at the heart of economic growth. But the ways in which new products and processes spread around the world are vulnerable to changes in trade policy, with growing protectionism likely to constrain progress.

The May 2025 ‘reset’ between the European Union and the UK addresses frictions that have emerged as a result of Brexit. The economic effects may be somewhat limited, but the agreement reflects political realities and brings stability at a time of heightened global uncertainty.

The latest UK labour market data paint a worrying picture. Unemployment is at its highest level since the pandemic; wage growth is slowing; and vacancies continue to fall. But it’s not all bad news: the slowdown in pay growth helps to ease upward pressures on inflation.

Germany’s experience of reunification suggests that economic reintegration can take generations, not years – so leaders should avoid making unrealistic promises. Success requires not just material convergence, but also attention to social cohesion, institutional legitimacy and cultural recognition.

China’s semiconductor industry faces a tension between self-sufficiency and global integration, engaging in open innovation where possible, but pivoting to security-driven self-reliance when necessary. Progress has been made, but big challenges remain, particularly with growing geopolitical risks.

UK GDP grew by 0.7% in the first quarter of 2025 – its strongest quarterly rise in a year. But while the country is currently outpacing its G7 peers and despite a partial agreement with the United States on tariffs, growth over the full year is expected to slow due to mounting global trade tensions.

UK high streets vary in both range and affordability. From Greggs’ national footprint to the dominance of Pret A Manger in London, the location and prices of different shops reveal the country’s economic, political and cultural divides.

The trade war between China and the United States will have knock-on effects on Africa, primarily from reduced demand for exports of raw materials. To protect their economies and to seize new economic opportunities, governments across the continent should promote deeper intra-regional integration.

Countries that have access to vast amounts of renewable energy – such as Mexico – may be able attract companies to relocate by offering cheaper and cleaner production. But for such ‘powershoring’ to succeed, there needs to be competitive renewable energy capacity and strong trade links.

A new report from the Competition and Markets Authority examines the record of industrial policies in the UK and across a range of comparator countries, their effectiveness in boosting productivity, and the characteristics of the UK sectors most likely to drive future economic growth.