Economics Observatory | Insights on the UK and global economy

What do we know about the effects of military conscription?

Mounting national security threats have led a number of European countries to consider reinstating mandatory military service. Proponents argue that it would bolster national defence and boost citizenship among young people. But evidence on either effect is scarce or points to the opposite outcome.

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Energy & climate change

Will eating less meat and dairy reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

Eating less meat and dairy will almost certainly reduce emissions. What is less certain is where emissions will fall.

DATA HUB

AI skills in the G7

How do AI skills compare across industries in the G7?

LinkedIn data show that in the UK, AI skill adoption is highest in the technology, information and media sector, and lowest in healthcare.

Financial services is another strong adopter: 4% of LinkedIn members report an AI-related role or skill. It’s also the only sector where the UK leads the G7 nations.

Click here to read how the target sectors in the UK’s Industrial Strategy compare across the G7.

Trade & supply chains

Global defence spending: What next for European military procurement?

With its fragmented production process, European defence procurement is inefficient and uncompetitive in comparison to the United States. A new approach, prioritising cross-country collaborations, could improve things, but would not be without its own challenges.

MAGAZINE

Read the latest edition of our magazine here

The ‘economic prosperity deal’ reduces tariffs for around a quarter of the UK’s goods exports to the United States, including cars and steel. But products not covered by the agreement – as well as services exports, for example, from the financial sector – will still be exposed to taxes on trade.

Banks & financial markets

What can happen when economic policy-makers lose credibility?

Fears that central banks’ commitment to low inflation is weakening or that a government’s fiscal plans are uncosted, unchecked and unfunded can be highly damaging for households, businesses and the public authorities themselves. A lack of credibility is a disaster for policy-makers.

Health, physical & mental

The challenge of antimicrobial resistance: how can economists help?

Resistance to antimicrobial drugs has eroded their effectiveness at combating infections. Economics can help to analyse the problem and develop policy solutions, including subscription payments for antimicrobials, incentives for pharmaceutical companies and reformulation of existing treatments.

Public spending, taxes & debt

Which taxes are best and worst for growth?

Tax affects economic growth by reducing consumer spending and lowering incentives to invest. But different fiscal policies have variable overall economic effects, with taxes on income better than those levied on corporate profits in terms of their wider impact on GDP.

Productivity & growth

How do the target sectors in the UK’s Industrial Strategy compare across the G7?

The UK’s Industrial Strategy targets growth in eight high-potential sectors. The UK’s position relative to comparator countries varies in each area, and there is room to accelerate growth in most cases. Across the board, continued investment in skills and innovation is needed to grasp the economic opportunities.

Nations, regions & cities

What’s happening in Bangladesh’s garment industry?

Bangladesh is well-known for its low-cost production of textiles and clothing, with much of the country’s recent development resting on rapid growth in the garment industry. But behind this progress is an unsustainable reliance on low pay and poor working conditions, particularly for women.

News

Growth matters

Ahead of the UK’s Budget, we look at the insights from our series of articles on economic growth. Unlocking the country’s economic potential is vital to boost incomes and protect jobs, as well as paying for the public services that people rely on.

Prices & interest rates

Can we explain why inflation in the UK is higher than in the Euro Area?

Swati Dhingra of the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee argues that UK inflation is more similar to Europe than it seems, and therefore rate cuts are possible without threatening the return of inflation to target.

Nations, regions & cities

How productive is the West of England?

The West of England has a diverse economy, including rural areas, services-based jobs and advanced manufacturing hubs. Investment in infrastructure, skills and research and development (R&D) could help to boost the region’s productivity.

Science, technology & innovation

The rise of artificial intelligence: What next for the UK economy?

Over the past few years, artificial intelligence has exploded in popularity, power and potential. How this continuing trend affects the UK economy will depend on how both policy-makers and domestic firms respond to the development of new digital technologies.

Business, big & small

How has digitalisation changed the economics of the creative industries?

Digital technologies have had a profound effect on the production and consumption of creative goods and services – from archives to video games. They have also challenged how economists analyse the creative industries and beyond, with the growing importance of platforms and network effects.

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