{"id":8298,"date":"2020-07-09T09:15:06","date_gmt":"2020-07-09T08:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data"},"modified":"2020-07-09T09:15:06","modified_gmt":"2020-07-09T08:15:06","slug":"consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data","status":"publish","type":"ongoing-research","link":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data","title":{"rendered":"Consumers&#039; mobility, expenditure and online- offline substitution response to Covid-19: evidence from French transaction data"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This paper investigates a number of general phenomena connected with consumer behaviour in response to a severe economic shock, using billions of French card transactions measured before and during the Covid-19 epidemic. We examine changes in consumer mobility, anticipatory behaviour in response to announced restrictions, and the contrasts between the responses of online and traditional point-of-sale (off-line) consumption expenditures to the shock. We track hourly, daily and weekly responses as well as estimating an aggregate fixed-period impact effect via a difference-in-difference estimator. The results, particularly at the sectoral level, suggest that the recourse of the online shopping option diminished somewhat the overall impact of the shock on consumption expenditure, thereby increasing resiliency of the economy.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","categories":[],"frequency":[],"type_of_data":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Consumers&#039; mobility, expenditure and online- offline substitution response to Covid-19: evidence from French transaction data - Economics Observatory<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consumers&#039; mobility, expenditure and online- offline substitution response to Covid-19: evidence from French transaction data - Economics Observatory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This paper investigates a number of general phenomena connected with consumer behaviour in response to a severe economic shock, using billions of French card transactions measured before and during the Covid-19 epidemic. We examine changes in consumer mobility, anticipatory behaviour in response to announced restrictions, and the contrasts between the responses of online and traditional [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Economics Observatory\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@econobservatory\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data\",\"name\":\"Consumers&#039; mobility, expenditure and online- offline substitution response to Covid-19: evidence from French transaction data - Economics Observatory\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-09T08:15:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-09T08:15:06+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Consumers&#039; mobility, expenditure and online- offline substitution response to Covid-19: evidence from French transaction data\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/\",\"name\":\"Economics Observatory\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Economics Observatory\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Logo-for-Twitter.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Logo-for-Twitter.png\",\"width\":540,\"height\":392,\"caption\":\"Economics Observatory\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/econobservatory\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/economics-observatory\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Consumers&#039; mobility, expenditure and online- offline substitution response to Covid-19: evidence from French transaction data - Economics Observatory","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Consumers&#039; mobility, expenditure and online- offline substitution response to Covid-19: evidence from French transaction data - Economics Observatory","og_description":"This paper investigates a number of general phenomena connected with consumer behaviour in response to a severe economic shock, using billions of French card transactions measured before and during the Covid-19 epidemic. We examine changes in consumer mobility, anticipatory behaviour in response to announced restrictions, and the contrasts between the responses of online and traditional [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data","og_site_name":"Economics Observatory","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@econobservatory","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data","url":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data","name":"Consumers&#039; mobility, expenditure and online- offline substitution response to Covid-19: evidence from French transaction data - Economics Observatory","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-07-09T08:15:06+00:00","dateModified":"2020-07-09T08:15:06+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/ongoing-research\/consumers-mobility-expenditure-and-online-offline-substitution-response-to-covid-19-evidence-from-french-transaction-data#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Consumers&#039; mobility, expenditure and online- offline substitution response to Covid-19: evidence from French transaction data"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/","name":"Economics Observatory","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#organization","name":"Economics Observatory","url":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Logo-for-Twitter.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Logo-for-Twitter.png","width":540,"height":392,"caption":"Economics Observatory"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/econobservatory","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/economics-observatory\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ongoing-research\/8298"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ongoing-research"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ongoing-research"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ongoing-research\/8298\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8298"},{"taxonomy":"frequency","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/frequency?post=8298"},{"taxonomy":"type_of_data","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.economicsobservatory.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type_of_data?post=8298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}